1) The word "law" refers to the formal rules established within a society that dictate what individuals can and cannot do. It also encompasses the study of these rules, including how they are created, interpreted, and applied. This term is not only limited to the statutes or codes but extends to the entire legal system including the practices around law-making and its enforcement.
2) Societies create laws through multiple mechanisms. Some laws are derived from religious beliefs or moral principles that define what is considered right and wrong. Traditional customs can also influence the creation of laws, embedding historical practices into formal legal systems. In some cases, laws are dictated by a supreme ruler like a dictator or monarch. More commonly, laws are developed by legislatures, which are groups of elected or appointed officials. These legislatures can function at various levels of governance, including national, state, or local.
3) The functions of lawyers are diverse and crucial in the legal system. Primarily, they act as advocates for their clients, representing them in court or in legal transactions. Lawyers offer legal advice, helping clients understand the law and their rights. They also interpret laws, prepare legal documents, and may act as mediators or arbitrators. In the courtroom, lawyers present cases, question witnesses, and argue legal points. Additionally, lawyers may participate in drafting and reviewing new legislation or legal reforms.
4) In a criminal case, the parties generally consist of the government and the accused. The government, represented by a prosecutor, charges the accused with a crime and seeks to demonstrate their guilt. The accused, often represented by a defense attorney, refutes the charges and defends their innocence. The objective in a criminal case is to determine whether the accused is guilty of the crime they are charged with, under the presumption of innocence until proven guilty.
5) In a civil lawsuit, the parties involved are typically the plaintiff and the defendant. The plaintiff is the party who initiates the lawsuit, claiming to have suffered a loss or harm due to the defendant's actions and seeking compensation or another form of legal relief. The defendant is the party being sued, who responds to the plaintiff's claims and defends against them. Civil lawsuits often revolve around disputes involving contracts, property, personal injuries, or other non-criminal matters where the plaintiff seeks to assert their rights or obtain redress.
